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Utilities
In a significant move to enhance security and stabilize regions affected by insurgency, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has extended the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) in parts of Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh. This decision is part of a broader strategy to maintain law and order in these areas, which are classified as "disturbed" under the Act. The extension comes at a time when these regions continue to face challenges from militant groups and require strong counter-insurgency measures.
The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) is a critical piece of legislation that grants special powers to the Indian Armed Forces in areas declared as "disturbed" by the Home Ministry. These powers include the ability to shoot to kill, search houses without a warrant, and detain individuals on suspicion of cognizable offenses[1][4]. The Act has been a subject of controversy due to allegations of human rights abuses, but it remains a key tool for the government to address insurgency and maintain territorial integrity[3].
Manipur has seen significant unrest due to ethnic violence between the Meitei and Kuki communities, which began on May 3, 2023. In response, the MHA has extended AFSPA across the state, excluding certain police station jurisdictions in the Imphal valley and surrounding areas. This strategic move aims to maintain peace in sensitive regions while allowing normalcy to be restored in less affected areas[2].
Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh are also impacted by the extension. In Nagaland, AFSPA will continue in eight districts, enhancing security measures where militant activities remain a concern. In Arunachal Pradesh, the Act will apply to the Tirap, Changlang, and Longding districts, as well as parts of the Namsai district, to address cross-border threats[2].
The extension of AFSPA in these regions can have both positive and negative implications for local communities. On one hand, it provides the military with the powers needed to counter insurgents effectively, thus ensuring some level of security. However, critics argue that the Act often leads to human rights violations, as security forces enjoy significant immunity for actions taken in "disturbed" areas[3][4].
Over the years, AFSPA has faced intense criticism and calls for repeal, particularly in regions like Manipur, where activists like Irom Sharmila have protested against the law[3]. In 2016, the Supreme Court of India questioned the validity of AFSPA in Manipur, suggesting that it should be applied with a set timeline to restore order[1].
In recent years, there has been a trend towards reducing the areas under AFSPA in some Northeastern states, such as Assam, where AFSPA was recently removed from the Dibrugarh district. This shows that while the Act remains a critical tool for security, there is an ongoing effort to limit its scope where possible, reflecting improvements in local security situations[2][5].
Despite the efforts to manage security effectively, challenges persist. The presence of militant groups and cross-border threats continues to necessitate the use of special powers by the armed forces. Additionally, there are ongoing debates about whether AFSPA strikes the right balance between security needs and human rights protections[3][5].
The decision to extend AFSPA in Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh highlights the complex security landscape in these regions. While it aims to provide a robust response to militant activities, it also underscores ongoing concerns regarding human rights and the long-term viability of such measures. As India continues to navigate these challenges, finding a balance between security and rights remains a central issue.
