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Consumer Staples
WHSmith, a stalwart of British retail for over 230 years, is on the cusp of a significant transformation. In a move that marks the end of an era, WHSmith has agreed to sell its high street store business in the UK to Modella Capital, with these stores set to be rebranded. As the iconic retailer transitions out of traditional high street locations, its travel retail arm remains strong, dominating profits. Let's delve into WHSmith's fascinating history and explore how this shift reflects broader challenges facing the UK retail sector.
WHSmith was founded in 1792 by Henry Walton Smith and his wife Anna in London as a small news vendor. After Henry's death, Anna continued the business, partnering with Zaccheus Coates until 1812, when her son William Henry Smith joined her[4]. By the mid-19th century, WHSmith became the principal newspaper distributor in the UK, leveraging the burgeoning railway network. The company opened its first railway bookstall at Euston station in 1848, marking the beginning of its extensive expansion across British rail networks[2][4].
In the 1970s, WHSmith embarked on a period of rapid diversification. It launched WHSmith Travel in 1973, which operated until 1991. The company also acquired the DIY chain Do It All in 1979 and became a significant player in the music retail sector with the purchase of a 75% stake in Our Price in 1986[1][4]. WHSmith's foray into book retailing was further solidified with the acquisition of Waterstone's in 1989, although it sold its stake in 1998[1][4].
The company's commitment to innovation led it to become the first retailer in the UK to take a secure online order in 1995. This pioneering step was followed by the launch of WHSmith Online, which expanded its reach beyond physical stores[3].
In recent years, WHSmith has faced challenges from online retailers and changing consumer habits. A proposed takeover by Permira in 2004 failed, leading the company to refocus on its core retail business. In 2006, WHSmith demerged its retail and news distribution arms into two separate companies: WHSmith PLC and Smiths News PLC[1].
Despite these efforts, WHSmith's high street stores have struggled, contributing to the decision to sell this part of the business. The travel retail side, however, has flourished, with significant presence in airports and train stations[5].
As WHSmith exits the UK high street, it retains a strong presence in travel retail, which now generates more than 85% of its profits[5]. The company remains committed to its global travel operations, including expansions in US airports through acquisitions like Marshall Retail Group[1][3].
WHSmith's departure from high streets reflects broader challenges in the retail sector. The shift towards online shopping and rising operational costs have forced many retailers to adapt or exit traditional markets. Nevertheless, WHSmith's decision to maintain its travel operations highlights a strategic focus on niche markets where physical presence remains crucial.
Consumers have increasingly turned to online platforms for convenience and cost savings, contributing to WHSmith's high street struggles. The company's stores have been criticized for the customer experience, ranking low in consumer surveys[5]. Despite these challenges, WHSmith's brand remains iconic, symbolizing a bygone era of retail.
As WHSmith transitions out of the UK high street, it marks a significant moment in retail history. The company's legacy as a pioneer in retail innovation and its enduring presence in travel retail underscore its resilience in an ever-evolving industry landscape.