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Health Care
Pakistan is facing significant health challenges with the recent discovery of the poliovirus in sewage across 18 districts and a confirmed second case of mpox for 2025.
Health authorities in Pakistan have been grappling with persistent public health issues, including polio and mpox. Despite continued efforts to eradicate polio, recent environmental samples have revealed the presence of the Wild Poliovirus Type 1 (WPV1) in sewage across multiple districts. Simultaneously, a second case of mpox was reported, highlighting the ongoing need for vigilance and prevention measures.
The Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio Eradication at Pakistan’s National Institute of Health confirmed the detection of WPV1 in sewage samples from 18 districts. These districts span all four provinces, including Islamabad, underlining the widespread nature of the challenge:
The detection of poliovirus in sewage samples is a crucial indicator of the virus's presence in the community. This environmental surveillance plays a significant role in assessing the effectiveness of polio vaccination campaigns. The Pakistan Polio Eradication Programme has expanded its environmental surveillance sites from 65 in 2021 to 127 in 2025, reflecting a commitment to comprehensive monitoring[3].
Vaccination remains the frontline defense against polio. The oral polio vaccine (OPV) is essential for protecting children under five, and multiple doses are necessary to ensure strong immunity. The programme is set to conduct a nationwide vaccination campaign from April 21 to 27, aiming to immunize 45.4 million children under five[3].
In addition to polio, Pakistan has also confirmed a second case of mpox (monkeypox) for 2025. This case involves a 29-year-old man from Karachi, who is currently undergoing treatment at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC)[1]. The patient's condition is stable, and contact tracing efforts are underway. Notably, there have been no reported cases of Clade I in Pakistan; all cases have been linked to Clade II, which is known for causing milder symptoms.
Mpox is a viral illness characterized by skin lesions, fever, and other symptoms. It can be transmitted through close contact with infected individuals or contaminated materials[1]. Public health officials have emphasized the importance of remaining vigilant, especially since mpox was declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in August 2024[1].
Last year, Pakistan reported eight cases of mpox, primarily among travelers returning from abroad. There has been no local transmission reported to date. The government has enhanced screening at airports and border entry points to mitigate the risk of importing new cases[1].
Both polio and mpox present ongoing challenges for Pakistan's healthcare system. The continued presence of WPV1 in sewage and the rising number of polio cases highlight the need for sustained vaccination efforts and improved surveillance. The confirmation of mpox cases, though limited, underscores the importance of preparedness and public awareness.
In 2025, Pakistan faces dual health challenges with polio and mpox. The detection of WPV1 in sewage across 18 districts emphasizes the urgency for enhanced vaccination drives. Meanwhile, the confirmation of a second mpox case this year necessitates continued vigilance and public health preparedness. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach that includes improved surveillance, enhanced community awareness, and rigorous vaccination campaigns.
For those interested in monitoring the latest developments and updates on polio and mpox in Pakistan, the following resources are available:
By focusing on vaccination, surveillance, and public awareness, Pakistan can make significant strides in tackling these health challenges and ensuring a healthier future for its citizens.