Myanmar-Bangkok Earthquake Relief Updates: WHO Declares Top-Level Emergency, Appeals for Urgent Funding

Introduction

On March 28, 2025, a devastating 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar, causing widespread destruction across Southeast Asia, including significant damage in Thailand. The epicenter, located in the Sagaing Region near Mandalay, triggered a chain of strong aftershocks and a humanitarian crisis that has left thousands dead or injured. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the situation a top-level emergency, calling for urgent funding to support relief efforts.

Impact of the Earthquake

The earthquake, which is the strongest in Myanmar since the Maymyo earthquake of 1912, has left an indelible mark on the region. Cities like Naypyidaw and Mandalay suffered extensive damage, including the destruction of critical infrastructure such as highways and airports. In Thailand, particularly in Bangkok, a high-rise building under construction collapsed, trapping dozens of workers and prompting a nationwide school closure.

Key Statistics:

• Death Toll: Over 3,000 people have been confirmed dead in Myanmar, with numbers expected to rise as rescue efforts continue.
• Injury Count: More than 4,500 people are injured in Myanmar, while Thailand reported at least 35 injuries.
• Missing Persons: Nearly 400 individuals remain missing in Myanmar, with 72 reported missing in Thailand.

Humanitarian Response and Challenges

The humanitarian situation in Myanmar is compounded by existing vulnerabilities, including ongoing conflict and food insecurity. Nearly 20 million people required aid before the earthquake, and this number is expected to increase due to the disaster. The earthquake has severely impacted critical infrastructure, including airports and telecommunications systems, which are crucial for coordinating relief efforts.

Challenges Faced by Relief Efforts:

• Access Restrictions: Political and geographical barriers limit access to remote areas, relying heavily on local support for assistance.
• Existing Vulnerabilities: Myanmar's pre-existing humanitarian needs exacerbate the current crisis.
• Limited International Access: Restrictions on foreign journalists and aid personnel hinder comprehensive reporting and response efforts.

International Response and Funding Appeals

The United Nations and other international organizations have responded with emergency appeals, recognizing the unprecedented scale of devastation. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) has mobilized global support, emphasizing the need for sustained response to address both immediate needs and long-term recovery.

Key Initiatives:

• U.S. Support: The U.S. Embassy in Myanmar has pledged $2 million in humanitarian assistance.
• Global Solicitation: The WHO's declaration highlights the urgency for additional funding to address medical and shelter needs.
• Thailand's Assistance: The Thai monarchy has offered support for those affected, with Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra facilitating aid transportation through Don Mueang Airport.

Thailand's Response and Challenges

Thailand's swift response includes declaring emergency zones and deploying resources to mitigate the impact. However, concerns about delayed SMS warnings and challenges in coordinating relief efforts have been raised. Thai authorities have initiated investigations into building collapses and pledged compensation for affected families.

Response Measures:

• School Closures: Nationwide closure of schools to ensure safety.
• Public Transit Management: Temporary suspension and management of transportation systems.
• Compensation Packages: Financial support for families of those who lost their lives in collapsed buildings.

Ongoing Relief Efforts

As relief efforts evolve, there is a growing emphasis on addressing psychological trauma and supporting long-term recovery. Mental health support hotlines have been expanded in Thailand, while Myanmar faces the daunting task of rebuilding critical infrastructure and communities.

Ongoing Challenges:

• Psychological Trauma: Support services for survivors dealing with trauma.
• Infrastructure Rebuilding: Restoration of damaged roads, schools, and hospitals.
• Humanitarian Aid Distribution: Efforts to ensure equitable distribution of aid to affected populations.

Conclusion

The Myanmar-Bangkok earthquake has underscored the region's vulnerability to natural disasters and highlighted the need for collective action in disaster response. As the international community works to support recovery efforts, the focus remains on providing immediate relief and laying the groundwork for sustainable recovery in the face of such a catastrophic event.