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Energy
As the world grapples with the challenges of integrating renewable energy into power grids, China is pushing forward with an ambitious campaign to enhance its energy storage capabilities through pumped-storage hydropower. Recently, construction began on a $1.5 billion pumped-storage power plant in Shanxi Province, marking the latest milestone in China's energy revolution. This significant investment underscores China's commitment to not only lead in renewable energy production but also to ensure grid stability through intelligent energy storage solutions.
China has emerged as a global leader in renewable energy development, particularly in solar and wind power. The country's solar capacity reached an impressive 890 GW by the end of 2023, a 45% increase from the previous year, according to the National Energy Administration[1]. Wind power installations also surged, reaching 520 GW, marking an 18% increase[1]. However, as renewable energy sources increasingly dominate the energy mix, the need for reliable and efficient energy storage solutions becomes more pressing. This is where pumped-storage hydropower plants come into play.
Pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) has become a cornerstone of China's energy strategy due to its mature technology, generous capacity, comparatively low cost, and long design life[1]. These plants operate by storing excess energy generated from solar panels and wind turbines during peak production periods by pumping water into an upper reservoir. When energy demand peaks, the water is released to generate electricity, stabilizing the grid and ensuring a consistent energy supply.
The Shanxi project, located in Daixian County, will have a capacity of 1.4 GW. It is expected to produce 3,000 gigawatt-hours of electricity annually and will take approximately 72 months to complete[1]. The plant is being developed by Shanxi Daixian Zhenghuaneng Energy Development Company, highlighting the involvement of local businesses in the country's energy infrastructure development.
China has already made significant strides in pumped-storage hydropower with the completion of the Fengning Pumped Storage Power Station in Hebei Province. This facility boasts a capacity of 3.6 GW, surpassing the Bath County Pumped Storage Station in the United States to become the largest of its kind globally[2][3]. Initially designed to support the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, Fengning now plays a critical role in stabilizing China's power grid as renewable energy sources contribute more significantly[4].
China aims to expand its pumped-storage capacity dramatically, with plans to reach 120 GW by 2030 and a more ambitious target of 420 GW by 2035[1]. This expansion is part of a broader strategy to integrate more renewable energy into the grid while ensuring stability and reliability. Additionally, the focus on developing "distributed" pumped-storage facilities—small-scale plants utilizing existing infrastructure—represents an innovative approach to energy storage, leveraging resources like storm-water basins and irrigation reservoirs to enhance capacity without requiring large new infrastructure projects[1].
Pumped-storage hydropower offers numerous benefits that make it a preferred choice for energy storage:
Globally, pumped-storage hydropower is the largest form of renewable energy storage, with nearly 200 GW of installed capacity, accounting for over 90% of all long-duration energy storage[4]. The International Hydropower Association (IHA) is actively promoting further development of pumped-storage hydropower through global campaigns and forums, recognizing its critical role in achieving net-zero goals[4].
China's investments in green energy technologies, including solar panels, electric vehicles, and wind turbines, position it as a leader in zero-emission technologies. The completion of mega projects like the Fengning Pumped Storage Station and the ongoing construction of other facilities like the one in Shanxi underscore China's commitment to environmental sustainability and energy security.
As China embarks on this ambitious $1.5 billion project, it reaffirms its role as a pioneer in renewable energy and energy storage solutions. Pumped-storage hydropower continues to be a vital component of this strategy, offering a reliable, cost-effective, and sustainable way to stabilize power grids amidst the rapid integration of solar and wind power. With its aggressive expansion targets and innovative approaches to energy storage, China is setting new benchmarks in the global energy landscape.